Development of a Character :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

Development of a Character This past summer, I attended Interlochen Arts Camp as a Shakespeare Theatre Production Major. Wishing to further hone the knowledge I had gained during my previous summer at IAC, I auditioned for Advanced Acting Studio, and was accepted. During the eight week session, one primary focus of the class was on the different "energies" used in acting for the creation and development of a character. Our introduction to these energies seemed simple - we went outside, and were told to walk in any direction at our normal speed and rhythm, using the shade of a large tree as a boundary. Then, as we were walking, Cindy, one of our three directors explained, "There are six different major types of energy used in acting - percussive, vibratory, suspended, swing, collapsed, and sustained. These energies not only apply to acting, but to life in general." As we walked, she described them, saying that some would feel very natural to us, while others might feel alien, even frightening. In turn, the twelve of us transformed our entire beings to mimic these descriptions: Percussive. . . . Kate was naturally percussive. Her movements came like bursts of energy, lots of short little fuses that were being burnt at intervals with no apparent rhythm. Even the way she spoke was joyfully random and unexpected. Instead of just standing up when she was called on, she would leap from her chair. The next energy we explored was vibratory. Vibratory is similar to percussive, but where as percussive is made up of seemingly random spurts of energy, vibratory is a constant flow of repetitive, rhythmic beats. Jeff was vibratory. His feet would tap the ground while his fingers drummed on the arms of his chair and his upper body swayed back and forth to this constant drum-roll. Before I met Michael, I would have associated suspended with an upper class snob. Suspended people can have an air of being taller than the rest of us, chins tilted up wards, eyes gazing down at the people below, their entire being having the sense of being pulled upward. Yet Michael was suspended without being imperious or haughty. He simply had very good posture, and an air of confidence that is so crucial in a performer. He was a dancer, and gave the impression of floating across the ground as he walked.

Customer behaviour Essay

What is Electronic Commerce? Commerce – The exchange of commodities, buying and selling, of products and services requiring transportation, from location to location is known as commerce. E-Commerce – From a communications perspective, e-commerce is the delivery of information, products/services or payments via telephone lines, Fax, computer networks or any other means. What is Electronic Commerce? From an online perspective, e-commerce provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the internet and other online services. It refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services. Any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact. Difference between E-Commerce & E-Business Electronic commerce or â€Å"e-Commerce† E-commerce covers online processes that touch customers, suppliers and external partners, including sales, marketing, order taking, delivery, customer service, purchasing of raw materials and supplies for production. More sophisticated system such as flight and hotel reservation system. e-Commerce breaks into two components: Online Shopping – the scope of information and activities that provides the customer with the information they need to conduct business with you and make an informed buying decision. Online Purchasing – the technology infrastructure for the exchange of data and the purchase of a product over the Internet. Online purchasing is a metaphor used in business-to-business e-Commerce for providing customers with an online method of placing an order, submitting a purchase order, or requesting a quotation. E-Business is a super-set of E-Commerce. E-business includes e-commerce but also covers internal processes such as production, inventory management, product development, risk management, finance, and human resources. E-business includes electronic mechanism to distribute information not directly related to buying and selling of goods. Examples: Product specifications, customer testimonials, and product reviews. Purchasing activities on your site, e.g., order forms, shopping carts, and credit card processing. Customers can’t interact directly with the firm. (territory barrier) History of EC The term e-commerce was originally conceived to describe the process of conducting business transactions electronically using technology from the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). These technologies, which first appeared in the late 1970’s, allowed for the exchange of information and the execution of electronic transactions between businesses, typically in the form of electronic purchase orders and invoices. EDI and EFT were the enabling technologies that laid the groundwork for what we now know as e-commerce. The Boston Computer Exchange, a marketplace for used computer equipment started in 1982, was one of the first known examples of e-commerce. Throughout the 1980’s, the proliferation of credit cards, ATM machines and telephone banking was the next step in the evolution of electronic commerce. The birth of companies such as eBay and Amazon (launched in 1994) really began to lead the way in e-commerce. Both eBay and Amazon were among the first to establish prominent e-commerce brands. The most prominent e-commerce categories today are computers, books, office supplies, music, and a variety of electronics. Dell.com,1997 Types of Ecommerce B2B( Business to Business E-commerce) or Inter-Organizational E-commerce B2C(  Business to Consumer E-commerce) C2B( Consumer to Business E-commerce) C2C( Consumer to Consumer E-commerce) or Ecommerce Involving Intermediaries Intra-organizational E-commerce  m-commerce(Mobile E-commerce) Business to Government E-Commerce B2B (Business-to-Business) or inter-organizational Ecommerce Companies doing business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. Pricing is based on quantity of order and is often negotiable. B2B is used to improve business relationship among orgz. (invoices, cheques, purchase orders, financial reports) are in electronic for. For Example: Logistic companies Benefits: Supplier Management (reduce no. of suppliers, processing coast, and cycle time) Inventory Management (list of items/product, eliminate out of stock items) Distribution Management (list of ship’s cargo, purchase orders etc) Channel Management (reduce labour, time saving) Payment Management (electronic payment reduce clerical errors, lower transaction fee and coast) B2C Business to Consumer In B2C seller is a business organization buyer is consumer. In this case costumer directly interacts with company, i.e. books and cd’s buy online and internet used as a medium for transaction. Newspapers reading and weather forecasting are used as a B2C E-commerce. This type of e-commerce improve the flow of information between firm and customers. Examples are ebay.com, and amazon.com. C2B Consumer to Business A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within hours companies review the consumer’s requirements and bid on the project. The consumer reviews the bids and selects the company that will complete the  project. Elance empowers consumers around the world by providing the meeting ground and platform for such transactions. Freelancing C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) or E-commerce Involving Intermediaries In this type both seller and buyers are consumers. There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions and forums where individuals can buy and sell. PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease. Olx.com auction service is a great example of where person-to-person transactions take place everyday. Intra-organizational E-C The purpose of Intra-organizational applications is to help a company maintain the relationships that are critical to delivering superior customer value by paying close attention to various functions in the organization. Benefits: Workgroup communications Electronic Publishing Sales force Productivity Business to Government E-C A platform for businesses to bid on government opportunities. It refers to the use of the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other government-related operations. It reduces the risk of irregularities. Income Tax Department, Excise and Taxation Department M-Commerce Mobile commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless technology – i.e., cellular telephones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Including mobile banking (when customers use their handheld devices to access their accounts and pay their bills). Bill payment and account reviews can all be conducted from the same handheld device. Delivery of entertainment, financial news, sports figures and traffic updates to a single mobile device. Advantages of e-commerce for businesses? Reduction of costs in the business E-commerce serves as an â€Å"equalizer†. It enables start-up and small- and medium-sized enterprises to reach the global market. E-commerce makes â€Å"mass customization† possible. E-commerce applications in this area include easy-to-use ordering systems that allow customers to choose and order products according to their personal and unique specifications. E-commerce allows â€Å"network production.† This refers to the parcelling out of the production process to contractors who are geographically dispersed but who are connected to each other via computer networks. What forces are fuelling e-commerce? There are at least three major forces fuelling e-commerce: Economic forces. One of the most evident benefits of e-commerce is economic efficiency resulting from the reduction in communications costs, – low-cost technological infrastructure. – speedier and more economic electronic transactions with suppliers. – lower global information sharing and advertising costs. Market forces. Corporations are encouraged to use e-commerce in marketing and promotion to capture international markets, both big and small. The Internet is likewise used as a medium for enhanced customer service and support. Technology forces. The development of ICT is a key factor in the growth of ecommerce. What are the components of a successful e-commerce transaction loop? To maximize the benefits of e-commerce, a number of technical as well as enabling issues have to be considered. A typical e-commerce transaction loop involves the following major players and corresponding requisites: 1. The Seller should have the following components: A corporate Web site with e-commerce capabilities (e.g., a secure transaction server); A corporate intranet so that orders are processed in an efficient manner; and IT-literate employees to manage the information flows and maintain the e-commerce system. 2. Transaction partners include: Banking institutions that offer transaction clearing services (e.g., processing credit card payments and electronic fund transfers); National and international freight companies to enable the movement of physical goods within, around and out of the country. Authentication authority that serves as a trusted third party to ensure the integrity and security of transactions. 3. Consumers (in a business-to-consumer transaction) Form a critical mass of the population with access to the Internet and disposable income enabling widespread use of credit cards; and Possess a mindset for purchasing goods over the Internet rather than by physically inspecting items. 4. Firms/Businesses that together form a critical mass of companies (especially within supply chains) with Internet access and the capability to place and take orders over the Internet. 5. Government, to establish: A legal framework governing e-commerce transactions (including electronic documents, signatures, and the like); and Legal institutions that would enforce the legal framework (i.e., laws and regulations) and protect consumers and businesses from fraud, among others. 6. Internet, the successful use of which depends on the following: A robust and reliable Internet infrastructure; and A pricing structure that doesn’t penalize consumers for spending time on and buying goods over the Internet (e.g., a flat monthly charge for both ISP access and local phone calls).

Essay on American Civil War and Fugitive Slave Act

In Chapter 9, â€Å"Slavery Without Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom,† of A People’s History of the United States, Howard Zinn takes about the slave rebellions, abolition movement, the Civil War, and these effects on African Americans. Zinn included this chapter to explain the life of African Americans before and after the Civil War and their treatment accordingly. Howard Zinn explains how the life of an African American remained cruel and taken advantage of through explaining the life of a slave before the War and then the mentality that whites were better than blacks that continued after, seen through the effects of the Klu Klux Klan. First of all, Howard Zinn proves his thesis by talking about the life of a slave prior to the war.†¦show more content†¦After the war, laws were passed that defended the rights of African Americans, but that all changed with the Klu Klux Klan. Originally, â€Å"The Constitutional amendments were passed, the laws for racial equality were passed, and the black man began to vote and to hold office,† but, â€Å"The violence mounted through the late 1860s and early 1870s as the Ku Klux Klan organized raids, lynchings, beatings, burnings†¦ As white violence rose in the 1870s, the national government, even under President Grant, became less enthusiastic about defending blacks, and certainly not prepared to arm them† (Zinn Ch. 9). Africans Americans were granted the equal rights that they wanted, but with the actions of the Klu Klux Klan, a white supremacy group, the US government began to back off from supporting the African American due to fear of more attacks ( possibly becoming more violent). The African American also lived in poverty, â€Å"The average wage of Negro farm laborers in the South was about fifty cents a day, Fortune said† (Zinn Ch. 9). Not only were the newly freed blacks being hunted down by white supremacy groups, but also they lived in poverty. Yes, they life of some approved greatly and they were able to receive an education, but for the majority of African Americans, they were still living in the shadow and fear of whites. In conclusion, Howard Zinn wrote â€Å"Slavery Without Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom† to explain that the life of an African American did not change tooShow MoreRelatedAfrican American During The Civil War1235 Words   |  5 Pages African Americans Suffered During the Civil War Allison Wessels English 11- Period 5 Mrs. Blomme March 11, 2016 African American Suffered During the Civil War Outline: Thesis Statement: African American soldiers fighting in the Civil War. Introduction Introduce main points State thesis statement History of slavery Life of an African American slave Treatment Living conditions Work responsibilities African American soldiers Treatment of African American soldiers vs.Read MoreThe Civil War Was The First Modern War1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War was during 1861-1865 . It was known to be the first modern war . It had very high numbers in death compared to any other war .Because this war followed the Industrial revolution ,this war was the beginning of new technologies, new weapons It was a war fought between the North ( Union) and The South (Confederates). The North did not want to keep slavery but the South did . Slavery was the cause of the separation between the two.There were many laws that were created that started conflictsRead MoreFugitive Slave Act1626 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Business Fugitive Slave Act The westward expansion of slavery was one of the most dynamic economic and social processes going on in this country. The Industrial Revolution had changed every aspect of American life and the country’s borders spread westward with the addition of the Mexican Cession—opening new cotton fields. To maintain the original Constitutional balance of lawmaking power, Congress continued to play the compromise game in 1820 and 1850 to maintain an equal number ofRead MoreTaking a Look at the American Civil War896 Words   |  4 PagesMany events during the mid-1700-1800s provoked the civil war because of the contradicting ideas between the northern states and the southern states. The conflict between the north and south that led to the civil war includes economic, social, and political events. At the meantime, slavery arose as a huge debate between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery faction. Fierce debates had sparked between the north and south states because of the southern st ates’ agrarian based economy. The geography in theRead MoreThe Civil War And The Slavery986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War contributed to the enslaved period being terminated. The union allowed slaves to fight for them and this imposed on the slave masters throughout the south. During this period the slaves were very rebellious and violent towards their masters. They beat them, tortured them, and some even killed some of the slave masters. They all truly deserved it after the treatment that had been rendered towards the African Americans when they first arrived from the West Indies to the United StatesRead MoreThe Great Awakening Of The Antebellum Period1524 Words   |  7 Pagesthe War of 1812 and just before the Civil War (Lapsansky-Werner). With the growing cotton plantation in the south, more slaves were needed and more slaves needed to escape (Antebellum Period.). While the Antebellum Period brought the Second Great Awakening and Westward Expansion, it is also know n for the uprising of abolition and anti versus pro slavery arguments (Antebellum Period.). The antebellum period was overall a pivotal point in slavery and slave laws with laws like the fugitive slaveRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreCivil War Causes1382 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of the Civil War John Brown’s Raid vs. Industrial Revolution John Brown’s Raid was a more influential cause to the civil war than the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution caused incompability between the North and the South. The North relied on wage laborers with the new machine age economy while the South relied heavily on slaves. So, the North did not need slaves for their economy and fought to free the slaves. The South foughtRead MoreThe Rise Of The Civil War1096 Words   |  5 Pagesleading up to Civil War in which many events took place that changed America. Many factors contributed to influencing the Civil War. The three major factors leading up to the Civil War were the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas- Nebraska Act, and the anti-slavery violence of John Brown. All of these significant events changed American in either one way or another. Growing tensions between the North and the South led to major factors during the 1850s. The Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas- Nebraska Act, and JohnRead More Casue Of The Civil War Essay824 Words   |  4 Pagescalled the Fugitive Slave Act was passed. Primarily, this document dealt with the reclaiming of runaway slaves. This law allowed southerners to call upon the federal government to capture runaway slaves who had fled the South and may be living in the North. The Fugitive Slave Act and the laws that went with it only caused controversy in the North. This split the North and South. In reaction to this, some northern states passed laws forbidding state officials to enforce the Fugitive Slave Law, which

What Happened to Apollo 13

Apollo 13 was a mission that tested NASA and its astronauts to the hilt. It was the thirtheenth scheduled lunar space exploration mission, scheduled for liftoff at the thirtheenth minute after the thirteenth hour. It was supposed to travel to the Moon, and three astronauts would attempt a lunar landing on the thirteenth day of the month. All it lacked was a Friday to be a paraskevidekatriaphobe’s worst nightmare. Unfortunately, no one at NASA was superstitious. Or, perhaps, fortunately. If anyone had stopped or made changes to the schedule of Apollo 13, the world would have missed one of the scariest adventures in space exploration history. Luckily, it ended well, but it took every bit of brainpower among the astronauts and the mission controllers to make it work. Key Takeaways: Apollo 13 The Apollo 13 explosion was a result of faulty electrical wiring, which lowered the crews supply of oxygen.The crew devised a workaround for their oxygen supply based on instructions from mission controllers, who had an inventory of materials onboard the ship that could be used for the fix. Problems Began Before Launch Apollo 13 faced problems even before its launch. Just days before liftoff, astronaut Ken Mattingly was replaced by Jack Swigert when Mattingly was exposed to German measles. There were also some technical issues that should have raised eyebrows. Shortly before launch, a technician noticed a higher pressure on a helium tank than expected. Nothing was done about it besides keeping a close watch. In addition, a vent for liquid oxygen would not close at first and required several recyclings before it would shut properly. The launch, itself, went according to plan, although it went off an hour late. Shortly afterward, though, the center engine of the second stage cut off more than two minutes early. In order to compensate, controllers burned the other four engines an additional 34 seconds. Then, the third stage engine ired for an extra nine seconds during its orbital insertion burn. Fortunately, this all resulted in a mere 1.2 feet per second greater speed than planned. Despite these problems, the flight went ahead and things seemed to go smoothly. Smooth Flight, No One Watching As Apollo 13 entered the Lunar corridor, the command service module (CSM) separated from the third stage and maneuvered around to extract the lunar module. That was the portion of the spacecraft that would take the astronauts to the Moon. Once this was completed, the third stage was driven out along a collision course with the Moon. The resulting impact was to be measured by equipment left behind by Apollo 12. The command service and lunar modules were then on free return trajectory. In case of complete engine loss, this meant the craft would slingshot around the moon and be on course  for a return to Earth. Pictures of Apollo 13 Mission - The Actual Apollo 13 Prime Crew. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) The evening of April 13, the crew of Apollo 13 had to do a television broadcast explaining their mission and about life aboard the ship. It went well, and Commander Jim Lovell closed the broadcast with this message, This is the crew of Apollo 13. Wish everybody there a nice evening and a, were just about to close out our inspection of Aquarius and get back to a pleasant evening in Odyssey. Goodnight. Unknown to the astronauts, the television networks had decided that traveling to the Moon was such a routine occurrence that none of them broadcast the news conference. Routine Task Goes Awry After completing the broadcast, flight control sent another message, 13, we got one more item for you when you get a chance. Wed like you to err, stir up your cryo tanks. In addition, have a shaft and trunnion, for a look at the Comet Bennett if you need it. Astronaut Jack Swigert replied, OK, stand by. Fighting to Survive on a Dying Ship Moments later, disaster struck. It was three days into the mission, and suddenly everything changed from routine to a race for survival. First, technicians in Houston noticed unusual readings on their instruments and were starting to talk amongst themselves and to the crew of Apollo 13. Suddenly, Jim Lovell’s calm voice broke through the hubbub. Ahh, Houston, weve had a problem. Weve had a main B bus undervolt. This Is No Joke What happened? It took a while to figure out, but heres a rough timeline. Immediately after attempting to follow flight controls last order to stir the cryo tanks, astronaut Jack Swigert heard a loud bang and felt a shudder throughout the ship. Command module (CM) pilot Fred Haise, who was still down in Aquarius after the television broadcast, and mission commander, Jim Lovell, who was in between, gathering cables up, both heard the sound. At first, they thought it was a practical joke previously played by Fred Haise. It turned out to be anything but a joke. A view of the damaged Apollo 13 service module after it separated from the rest of the spacecraft. NASA   Seeing the expression on Jack Swigert’s face, Jim Lovell knew immediately that there was a real problem and hurried into the CSM to join his lunar module pilot. Things did not look good. Alarms were going off as voltage levels of the main power supplies were dropping rapidly. If power was completely lost, the ship had a battery backup, which would last for about ten hours. Unfortunately Apollo 13 was 87 hours from home. Looking out a port, the astronauts saw something that gave them another concern. You know, thats, thats a significant GC. It looks to me looking out the ahh, hatch that we are venting something, someone said. We are, we are venting something out the, into the ahh, into space. From Lost Landing to Struggle for Life A momentary hush fell over the Flight Control Center in Houston as this new information sank in. Then, a flurry of activity began as everybody conferred. Time was critical. As several suggestions for correcting the dropping voltage were raised and tried unsuccessfully, it quickly became apparent that the electrical system could not be saved. Mission Control in Houston, where ground technical personnel worked with the astronauts to devise fixes to their spacecraft to bring them home safely. NASA Commander Jim Lovell’s concern continued to rise. It went from I wonder what this is gonna to do to the landing to I wonder if we can get back home again, he later recalled. The technicians in Houston were having the same concerns. The only chance they had of saving the crew of Apollo 13 was to shut down the CM entirely to save their batteries for reentry. This would require the use of Aquarius, the lunar module as a lifeboat. A module equipped for two men for two days of travel would have to sustain three men for four long days in a scramble around the Moon and back to Earth. The men quickly powered down all the systems inside Odyssey, scrambled down the tunnel and climbed into Aquarius. They hoped it would be their lifeboat and not their tomb. The Aquarius capsule shown after separation. It was where the astronauts huddled for safety during the trip back to Earth after the explosion.   NASA A Cold and Frightening Journey There were two problems to be solved to keep the astronauts alive: first, getting the ship and crew on the fastest route home and second, conserving consumables, power, oxygen, and water. However, sometimes one component interfered with the other. Mission control and the astronauts had to figure out a way to make them all work. As an example, the guidance platform needed to be aligned. (The venting substance had played havoc with the ships attitude.) However, powering up the guidance platform was a heavy drain on their limited power supply. The conservation of consumables had already begun when they shut down the command module. For most of the rest of the flight, it would only be used as a bedroom. Later, they powered down all of the systems in the lunar module except those required for life support, communications, and environmental control. Next, using precious power they could not afford to waste, the guidance platform was powered up and aligned. Mission control ordered an engine burn that added 38 feet per second to their velocity and put them on a free-return trajectory. Normally this would be a fairly simple procedure. Not this time, however. The descent engines on the LM were to be used instead of the CM’s SPS and the center of gravity had changed completely. At this point in time, had they done nothing, the astronauts trajectory would have returned them to Earth approximately 153 hours after launch. A quick calculation of consumables gave them less than an hour of consumables to spare. This margin was far too close for comfort. After a great deal of calculating and simulating at Mission Control here on Earth, it was determined that the lunar module’s engines could handle the required burn. So, the descent engines were fired sufficiently to boost their speed up another 860 fps, thus cutting their total flight time to 143 hours. Chilling Out Aboard Apollo 13 One of the worst problems for the crew during that return flight was the cold. Without power in the command module, there were no heaters. The temperature dropped to around 38 degrees F and the crew stopped using it for their sleep breaks. Instead, they jury-rigged beds in the warmer lunar module, although it was only slightly warmer. The cold kept the crew from resting well and Mission Control became concerned that the resulting fatigue could keep them from functioning properly. Another concern was their oxygen supply. As the crew breathed normally, they would exhale carbon dioxide. Normally, oxygen-scrubbing apparatus would cleanse the air, but the system in Aquarius wasn’t designed for this load, there was an insufficient number of filters for the system. To make it worse, the filters for the system in Odyssey were of a different design and not interchangeable. The experts at NASA, employees and contractors, engineered a makeshift adapter from materials the astronauts had on hand to allow them to be used, thus lowering the CO2 levels to acceptable limits. The makeshift device engineered by the Apollo 13 crew for life support. It was made from duct tape, maps, and other materials onboard the spacecraft. NASA Finally, Apollo 13 rounded the Moon and began its journey home to Earth. They still had a few more hurdles to overcome before they could see their families again. A Simple Procedure Complicated Their new re-entry procedure required two more course corrections. One would align the spacecraft more towards the center of the re-entry corridor, while the other would fine tune the angle of entry. This angle had to be between 5.5 and 7.5 degrees. Too shallow and they would skip across the atmosphere and back into space, like a pebble skimmed across a lake. Too steep, and they would burn up on re-entry. They could not afford to power up the guidance platform again and burn up their precious remaining power. They would have to determine the attitude of the ship manually. For experienced pilots, this would normally not be an impossible job, it would just be a matter of taking star sights. The problem now, though, came from the cause of their troubles. Ever since the initial explosion, the craft had been surrounded by a cloud of debris, glittering in the sunlight, and preventing such a sighting. The ground opted to use a technique worked out during Apollo 8, in which the Earth’s terminator and the sun would be used. Because it was a manual burn, we had a three-man operation. Jack would take care of the time, according to Lovell. Hed tell us when to light off the engine and when to stop it. Fred handled the pitch maneuver and I handled the roll maneuver and pushed the buttons to start and stop the engine. The engine burn was successful, correcting their re-entry angle to 6.49 degrees. People in Mission Control breathed a sigh of relief and continued working to bring the crew home safely. A Real Mess Four and a half hours prior to re-entry, the astronauts jettisoned the damaged service module. As it slowly receded from their view, they were able to make out some of the damage. They relayed to Houston what they saw. One whole side of the spacecraft was missing, and a panel was blown out. It really looked like a mess. A later investigation showed that the cause of the explosion was exposed electrical wiring. When Jack Swigert flipped the switch to stir the cryo tanks, the power fans were turned on within the tank. The exposed fan wires shorted and the Teflon insulation caught fire. This fire spread along the wires to the electrical conduit in the side of the tank, which weakened and ruptured under the nominal 1000 psi pressure within the tank, causing the no. 2 oxygen tank to explode. This damaged the number 1 tank and parts of the interior of the service module and blew off the cover for bay number 4. Two and a half hours before re-entry, using a set of special power-up procedures relayed to them by Mission Control in Houston, the Apollo 13 crew brought the command module back to life. As the systems came back on, everyone aboard, in Mission Control, and around the world breathed a sigh of relief. Splashdown An hour later, the astronauts also jettisoned the lunar module that had served as their lifeboat. Mission Control radioed, Farewell, Aquarius, and we thank you. Jim Lovell later said, She was a good ship. The recovery of the crew of Apollo 13 after the splashdown of what was left of their ship, 17 April 1970. NASA   The Apollo 13 Command Module splashed down in the South Pacific on April 17 at 1:07 PM (EST), 142 hours and 54 minutes after launch. It came down within sight of the recovery ship, the USS Iwo Jima, who had Lovell, Haise, and Swigert aboard within 45 minutes. They were safe, and NASA had learned valuable lessons about recovering astronauts from dangerous situations. The agency quickly revised procedures for the Apollo 14 mission and the flights that followed.

Essay on Ambient Air Pollution and Diabetes Mellitus

I. Introduction and Purpose Diabetes mellitus, or simply diabetes, is a disorder in which the body is incapable of fully utilizing converted energy taken from food. There are three types of diabetes: type 1 or insulin-dependent, type 2 or adult on-set, and gestational diabetes (Webmd.com, 2014). According to the American Diabetes Association, in 2011 there were approximately 25.8 million cases of diabetes in the United States, 7 million of which were undiagnosed, and an estimated 79 million cases of prediabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2014). They also report that diagnosed cases of diabetes cost the United States nearly $250 billion in 2012 (American Diabetes Association, 2014). With such a high prevalence of cases as†¦show more content†¦Search criteria were limited to â€Å"air pollution† and â€Å"diabetes mellitus.† All original study reports as well as study reviews were garnered in this manner. Basic factual and statistical information about diabetes was found on the WebMD and American Diabetes Association websites. III. Studies Three studies found evidence supporting a link between diabetes risk and elevated levels of air pollution (Chen Burnett et al., 2013; Pearson Bachireddy et al., 2010; Xu Liu et al., 2011). Xu Liu et al. utilized an experimental design in which they studied the effect of elevated particulate matter (PM2.5) in mice and their corresponding blood glucose and insulin measures. Pearson Bachireddy et al. and Chen Burnett et al. both conducted epidemiological studies in which they looked at diabetes prevalence in the United States and Canada, respectively, and compared the data against air particulate matter levels. In the study conducted by Xu Liu et al., four-week-old, male mice were randomly assigned into one of two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Both groups were fed identical diets and treated in identical manners. The control group, referred to as FA, was exposed to filtered air for six hours a day, five days a week for a total of 30 hours. The experimental group, referred to as PM2.5, was exposed to air containing elevated PM2.5 in the same manner for a total of 30 hours a week. For PM2.5,Show MoreRelatedTo humans, having a healthy immune system is essential. Our immune system is important because it900 Words   |  4 Pagesimmune system. Air pollution, which is one of the major environmental issues, can cause several health risks. Exposure to air pollutants can have a high possibility of resulting in long term effects on people as well as shutting down the immune system. Therefore, the pollution in the air can affect the immune system by weakening it and making i t much more vulnerable to foreign invaders, illnesses, harmful bacteria, and viruses. There are several kinds of toxins and pollutants in the air, which contributeRead MoreThe Health Impacts Of Long Term Exposure Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pagesexposure to PM2.5 in Delhi. Several possible self-protective solutions for people in Delhi will be discussed. Researches are done by critically comparing, summarizing and analyzing the data from academic articles. Delhi pollution control committee is proposed to be our client. The ambient PM2.5 in Delhi is 15 times higher than the WHO guidelines, which is identified as the most significant pollutants threatening the public health. These fine and condensed particles affect the respiratory and cardiovascular

EXP Syllabus Free Essays

I will be grading it relatively harshly, but†¦ If you want to raise your grade, you can make the edits I have suggested, and turn the new paper in ALONG WITH the original, edited paper, and that will raise your grade quite a bit. Goal: the goal here is to work on 3 things: allowing you to investigate a memory related topic of your choice, increasing your military with research/scientific methodology, and working on your writing and editing skills. Due Date: there will be 3 times in this semester when papers will be handed in to me, but you only have to do ONE paper. We will write a custom essay sample on EXP Syllabus or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’m having you all not turn them all in at once because that would take me forever to grade, as I put in a lot of effort to helping you edit and learn to do scientific writing. First Batch of Papers, due: 2/10 Second Batch of Papers, due: 317 Third Batch of Papers, due: 3/31 You will sign up for which date you want to turn in your paper during class. I will pass around 3 sheets and it will be first come first serve. As such, I’m guessing most people will sign in for the latest date, but if you do get stuck with the early ones, it will probably be a good thing. The semester always gets busier as you go, so I bet it will help to get this out of the way early so you can focus on other classes. Sons Studies. Simply sign-up and participate in 4 credits worth of Sons studies. If you do that, this portion of your grade will be the full 20%. These are GAME POINTS, so easy to get full credit here, so get them done early. Participation. We will have numerous in-class discussions, which should give you n opportunity for me to learn who you are. Definitely speak up and don’t be shy; being active in your education is very important. Another opportunity for participation points will be in-class activities! I will have you do various things and put your name on it, if you do a good Job and take the activities seriously, that will count towards your participation grade. Extra Credit. I will randomly give out pop quizzes in class, but they will be worth extra credit only. They can’t hurt your grade. There will also be extra credit available to the winning teams during our Jeopardy view days. Warning: on top of the usual topics, there will be an â€Å"random† category of question. If you’d like additional extra credit, you can sign-up to present your article in front of the class (see course calendar). The presentation will be about 10 minutes long. You will describe the topic/article you read about, discuss your critique of it, and discuss your idea for future studies. Email me EARLY to reserve a spot. Slots will be filled on a first come first serve basis. Course Policies: Attendance is NOT mandatory. There is no way to take attendance in a class like this. However, you will miss out on some opportunities if you don’t show up. Participation is highly encouraged. I will be calling on people, some who raise their hands and some who do not raise their hands. If this makes you really anxious, you may email Honesty: This course operates on the University’s Code of Academic Integrity. This Code of Academic Integrity reflects the values articulated in the Student Code of Standards. All students are expected to adhere to a standard of academic conduct, which demonstrates respect for themselves, their fellow students, and the educational mission of Florida International University. No cheating, no popularizing. How to cite EXP Syllabus, Papers

Continuous Improvement Balanced Scorecard

Question: Discuss about the Continuous Improvement for Balanced Scorecard. Answer: Introduction Continuous improvement is a process of providing ongoing efforts aimed at delivering better services, products and processes. Continuous improvement is achieved through a well laid out plan, which provides the direction of progress as well as measure the achieved progress. the continues improvement plan helps in assessing the areas that need attention as well as provide a variety of options on the incremental efforts that can be made to improve the situation(Bakerjian, 2012). A well-structured continuous improvement plan consists of four steps, mainly. Plan, do, study and act. Planning is the first step that explains how the improvements will take place. It contains details of various actions intended to achieve the improvements. Do is the second step that involves implementing the plan or putting the plan into action. Study involves evaluating the progress of the implemented plan and noting the shortcomings of the plan and the areas that require changes. This step is mostly concerned with safety issues involving the adoption of the plan. When the plan has minimal negative impacts it is considered as favorable, on the other hand when it a lot of negative affects it is unfavorable. Act is the last step that involves approving or going back to the drawing board. When the plan is favorable, the organization will consider implementing the plan to other departments. In the case study that is to be analyzed from Queensland government, the essay will elaborate on how the continuous improvement plan is necessary and the changes that the program requires (Adamson, 2017). Literature review According to Swamidass et al, continuous improvement in organizations mostly focuses on time management and quality management that hope to increase the efficiency and effectiveness in work processes. Baghel defines continuous improvement as culture of sustained improvements by organization that targets the elimination of waste in all the systems of an organization Jegerson views continuous improvement as an initiative that increases the organization success and reduces failure. Continuous improvement is also known as kaizen a Japanese word that stands for sustained improvement for elimination of waste entirely in all the systems of an organization Kossof mentions that, total quality management is aimed at continuous improvement, by engaging the available knowledge and experience in the management level as well as the employees level. Kossof, further explains that the process of continuous improvement involves the entire organization members working together to realize the improvemen ts without really making any capital investments. The improvements take place because of new technology or new technology that revolutionizes the way of doing things. huge improvements are realized due to small incremental improvements that have out to use various techniques and tools that are aimed at finding ways to reduce wastage fill variation gaps and pinpoint the sources of the problems. Kossof argues that for organizations to be able to compete effectively in the global economy, they to emphasize on continuous improvement that harbor total quality management (Fischer, 2016). TQM is aimed at reducing cost, reduced wastage, trimmed production lines and increased manufacturing speed. Effective continuous improvement progress according to Kossof can be realized by applying the continuous improvement methodologies known as the six sigma they include, lean production, balanced score card, total quality management, reengineering, quick response manufacturing and lean sigma (Hodgetts , 2011). Lean production is the elimination of waste during production or manufacturing. Balanced score card refers to the strategic plan that is adopted y organization to align its activities alongside its vision. Lean sigma is the cooperation of the whole organization team to achieve improvements (Larson, 2013). The continuous improvement plan The initiative by the government to funds specialist homelessness services and complementary housing programs which work towards assisting homeless people to access housing to ensure. The program has taken a step further to ensure affordable housing is provided as well as proper lifestyle standards are maintained. To ensure the efficiency and effectiveness through the use of continuous improvement tools, the plan in place incorporates the following areas, engineering and construction, it telecom software, financial and business services as well as welfare domain. In engineering and construction, a series of set out guidelines are highlighted in the plan that is aimed to produce the best customer services to the homeless. Such guidelines include invitation process guidelines, information disclosure on the offer as well as alternative offers (Ross, 2017). In the telecom domain, the plan has shallowly touched on the subject. The domain is also crucial as it support the other four domain s of the continuous improvement program. the it domain according to the plan seems to be given the back seat as the plan highlights that it is considered through a one off capital improvement fund. The financial and business domain is well catered for as it includes the plan on where the funds are to be obtained from, way in which additional funding can be made possible and the requirement from the supplier on financial grounds who wishes to engage in business with the program. The welfare domain is the last one which also is made possible through the realization of the other three domains (Rothwell and kazanas, 2009). Welfare will be brought about due to proper management of funds allocated in the program, where they ensure that all areas are properly financed. Proper innovation in construction will lead to proper housing as well as reduced cost of construction. proper security and welfare will be made possible by the facilitation of it telecom software domain that is to ensure pro per security as well as proper storage of the data collected from other domains as well as the data from the implementation of the program. Continuous improvement in this case involves the implementation of measures that minimize the wastage of resources as well as enhance the service deliver (Sarkar, 2011). such measures are observed by the pooling of various disciplines knowledge, e.g. innovation that provides creative response to address the daily needs of homeless people, the responses are aimed at providing means for self-reliance upon which improvements are made to e ale to capture the entire population of the homeless people. The program is also engaged in social initiatives with organizations that are able to demonstrate commercial viability so that they can create social value within the homeless society (Singhal, 2017). Apart from the above mentioned initiatives the homeless settlement program has set aside capital improvements that aim at improving quality and variety of services. The services may include installation of extra security facilities such as fencing and cameras. The program has put in place evaluation criteria that are set to evaluate the performance of the various stakeholders that are championing the homeless resettlement program. The criterion has put down several guidelines that are in line with the effort of treating the homeless with dignity (Sloan and Sloan, 2011).The guidelines in the innovation part highlights that, it should look forward to providing dignity to people experiencing homelessness, provide new ideas and improvements on existing service. The innovation should provide the capability to deliver as well as demonstrate a response to economic benefits to the homeless. The planned program provides a structure that asks the involved stake holders to promptly act as soon as the budgeted fund is available. Apart from readiness the plan considers how the $ 2, 000, 0000 funds allocation is to r managed. The plan outlines the arrangements of funding and its handling such as start-up money not being used to start up fund raising but used to fund programs that can drive fund raising. To ensure marginal benefits from service delivery, the plan includes a section that highlights the guidelines to be adhered to in order to realize the value of money; the guidelines state that the value to be offered by any particular organization may leverage extra outcomes from other services. A detailed budget ought to be provided by the supplier to show that it is sufficient to manage the proposed activity for resettling the homeless as well as how the supplier can respond to changes in sustaining the services beyond the initial funding (smallbusiness.chron.com, 2017). The continuous improvement process (PDCA cycle) implementation The above plan details are structured in a way that they are ready to work with any part of the program that will arise first, however a well thought out plan should be undertaken in phases whereby the financial and business service domain is prioritized and given the first priority in that the sources of finance are identified, the required finance for the project is realized so that the plan can move to the next domain which is engineering and ruction the construction and engineering domain is to be considered the first one , this involves material suppliers as well as those supplying the labour force for the construction. The third domain is the telecom and software domain in which, part of it, like the software part should run parallel to the above domains as it helps in storage of data, testing of innovation models as well as show the progress of the project. The rest of the domain comes at the end of the project. The domain helps also in evaluation of the implemented project as it provides platforms upon which data is analysed. The welfare domain is the bigger picture that all other domains are aligning to achieve. This domain is mostly involved with the lifestyle that the homeless people will get as a result of the implementation of the project. Therefore the domain comes last and also acts as a measure on the service delivery improvement. The diagram above shows how the implementation of the plan ought to take place, it is evident that the telecom software domain acts as the base of the other domains as it is used to store data as well as provide communication platforms. From the plan the program is set to proceed to the next step which is do this step involves implementing the plan, whereby a group of the homeless people are subjected to the implementation. The implementation at this stage is aimed to establish the viability of the plan as well as the various areas that may seem to develop unbearable obstacles. Also at this stage is where the homeless population get to reject the changes that are brought about by the plan (Tomas, 2011). The third step is the studying, evaluation or checking step, the step is usually focussed on evaluating the progress of the evaluation as well as making slight changes that increase the implementation. studying at this point considers the implementation as a pilot project upon which further research can be launched considering a particular subject, such as why are the homeless people; leaving for the streets while renting out the houses they have been settled in? This might prompt a research into what the homeless pe ople hold dear or to what they regard to be a home (Search manufacturing erp, 2017). The fourth step is the action step; this step is arrived at after considering all the outcomes and feedback that have come about from the implementation of the plan. This stage mostly has two options depending on the outcomes from step three, revise the faulty plan or implement the successful plan into other areas that have the homeless population. The revision of the plan is then again taken through the pdca (Plan, do, check and act). The successful continuous improvement plan is spread to other regions to aid the resettlement of the homeless people. The continuous improvement does not just stop at successful implementation but rather requires continuous evaluations which are determined at pinpointing areas that might require improvements or at times be outdated by technology (Balancedscorecard.org, 2017). Change management The continuous improvement plan requires an assessment of the program and identification of the areas that need continuous improvement. The next step is to lay down a detailed strategy on how the change will take place. Implementation stage follows which requires putting the plan into action. Monitoring the implementation process is the next stage, which identifies areas that need change as well as rally the involved stakeholders to minimize the resistance to change. Finally, putting up measures and conducting occasional evaluation is the last stage that ensures the continuation of continuous improvement. Conclusion A continuous improvement plan is tedious to structure leave alone implementing. The plan requires the opinions and concerns of all the stakeholders who will help actualize the plan. The planning process involves many details, aimed at making sure that chances of failure are minimized to the least. After the plan is in place, the second toughest stage is the implementation stage. The stage encounters a lot challenges including rejection by the targeted subjects who do not have the knowledge to understand the benefits that are brought about by the implementation of the plan. The best thing is that as the implementation goes on the subject get to comprehend and support the implementation. The housing program, funded by the Queensland government needs to embrace the use of continuous improvement plan in order to ensure that the services they are providing will be improving day by day. The Japanese word kaizen acknowledges that the improvement can be downwards that is from the management to employees or upwards from employees to management. in a similar manner, all the domains that are making the housing program successful that is engineering and construction, it telecom software, welfare, financial and business service, need to work together to realize the improvement of services. Just like the way Steve jobs worked to improve the communication media or the way, Toyota Company strives to produce an innovative automobile. References Bakerjian, R. (2012).Continuous improvement.1st ed. dearborn, mi: society of manufacturing engineers. Balancedscorecard.org. (2017).what is the balanced scorecard?. [online] available at: https://www.balancedscorecard.org/resources/about-the-balanced-scorecard [accessed 2 feb. 2017]. Bennett, S. (2016). Continuous improvement in continuous quality control.clinical chemistry, 62(10), pp.1299-1301. Cock, C. (2011).a creativity model for the analysis of continuous improvement programmes: a suggestion to make continuous improvement continuous.Creativity and innovation management, 2(3), pp.156-165. Fischer, R. (2016). Continuous improvement.spie professional. Hodgetts, R. (2011).Blueprints for continuous improvement. 1st ed. new york: ama membership publications division, American management association. Honey, P. (2009).Continuous improvement.1st ed. maidenhead: p. honey. Larson, A. (2013).Demystifying six sigma. 1st ed. new york: amacom. Ross, W. (2017).Continuous improvement.1st ed. cirencester: management books 2000. Rothwell, W. and Kazanas, H. (2009).building in-house leadership and management development programs. 1st ed. westport, conn.: quorum. Sarkar, d. (2011).Eight deadly faux pas of continuous improvement.performance improvement, 50(8), pp.5-8. Singhal, K. (2017).Pdca cycle. [online] iso9001-2008awareness.blogspot.co.ke. available at: https://iso9001-2008awareness.blogspot.co.ke/2014/04/pdca-cycle.html [accessed 2 feb. 2017]. Slideshare.net. (2017).Continuous improvement project. [online] available at: https://www.slideshare.net/darlenelebaste/continuous-improvement-project [accessed 2 feb. 2017]. Sloan, K. and Sloan, t. (2011).Dispersion of continuous improvement and its impact on continuous improvement.international journal of technology management, 55(1/2), p.43. Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2017).Steps in the continuous improvement process. [online] available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/steps-continuous-improvement-process-4529.html [accessed 2 feb. 2017]. Tomas, s. (2011).continuous improvement. 1st ed. frederick, md: aspen publishers. searchmanufacturingerp. (2017).what is lean production? - definition from whatis.com. [online] available at: https://searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/definition/lean-production [accessed 2 feb. 2017]. Walter Adamson. (2017).Apple's success drdeming's legacy - continuous improvement. [online] available at: https://www.walteradamson.com/2011/08/apple-deming-christensen-continuous-improvement.html [accessed 2 feb. 2017].